Reversible protein S-glutathiolation has emerged as an important mechanism of post-translational modification. Under basal conditions several proteins remain adducted to glutathione, and physiological glutathiolation of proteins has been shown to regulate protein function. Enzymes that promote glutathiolation (e.g., glutathione-S-transferase-P) or those that remove glutathione from proteins (e.g., glutaredoxin) have been identified. Modification by glutathione has been shown to affect protein catalysis, ligand binding, oligomerization and protein-protein interactions. Conditions associated with oxidative or nitrosative stress, such as ischemia-reperfusion, hypertension and tachycardia increase protein glutathiolation via changes in the glutathione redox status (GSH/GSSG) or through the formation of sulfenic acid (SOH) or nitrosated (SNO) cysteine intermediates. These "activated" thiols promote reversible S-glutathiolation of key proteins involved in cell signaling, energy production, ion transport, and cell death. Hence, S-glutathiolation is ideally suited for integrating and mounting fine-tuned responses to changes in the redox state. S-glutathiolation also provides a temporary glutathione "cap" to protect protein thiols from irreversible oxidation and it could be an important mechanism of protein "encryption" to maintain proteins in a functionally silent state until they are needed during conditions of stress. Current evidence suggests that the glutathiolation-deglutathiolation cycle integrates and interacts with other post-translational mechanisms to regulate signal transduction, metabolism, inflammation, and apoptosis. This article is part of a Special Section entitled "Post-translational Modification."

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Bois/explor/GlutaredoxinV1/Data/Main/Exploration

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HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 000831 | SxmlIndent | more

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Bois
   |area=    GlutaredoxinV1
   |flux=    Main
   |étape=   Exploration
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     pubmed:21784079
   |texte=   Protein S-glutathiolation: redox-sensitive regulation of protein function.
}}

HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i   -Sk "pubmed:21784079" \
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       | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a GlutaredoxinV1